新西兰代写assignment:德沃金的理论

2018-11-01 23:50

在德沃金的理论中，法律有两个基本要素，一个是回顾性要素，他称之为“适合”，另一个是前瞻性要素，他称之为“正当性”。此外，Dworkin还指出，法官在行使这两个要素的功能时，需要构建一种既符合过去的法律决定又能使法律尽可能完善的法律理论。在此过程中，法官需要寻找法律原则，这些原则以前在法律体系的历史和社会特征中提到过，然后通过“使其更加连贯”[13]来完善未来的法律。因此，我们可以说，根据Dwokin的理论，在处理某一案件时，法官应该尽可能地以促进法律体系一致性的方式来解释法律。换句话说，这就是说一个解释——它是与法律体系最一致的——比一个解释要好得多——它使法律体系不那么一致。这就意味着，当涉及到解释时，“由现有的“实证主义”材料所呈现的内容与从道德角度解释这种材料的最佳方式之间存在着某种张力。
新西兰代写assignment:德沃金的理论
In Dworkin’s theory, there are two basic elements of law, one is a retrospective element, which he calls “fit”, and the other is a prospective element, which he calls “justification”. [12] Furthermore, Dworkin points out that in exercising the function of these two elements, judges are required to construct a theory of law which can both fit past legal decisions and makes the law as good as possible. In doing this, the judges are required to search out legal principles which have been previously mentioned in the historical and social characteristics of the legal system and then improve the law for the future by “making it more coherent” [13] . Hence, we can say that according to Dwokin’s theory, in dealing with a certain case, the judge should try to interpret the law in a way which promotes the coherence of the legal system as well as possible. In other words, it is to say that an interpretation–which is the most coherent to legal system–is much better than an interpretation-which makes the legal system less coherent. This implies that when interpretation is concerned, there exists a certain tension between “what is presented by the existing “positivist” material and what is the best way to interpret such material from a moral point of view.

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