新西兰历史assignment代写:启蒙运动

2020-01-27 23:48

首先，启蒙运动给欧洲带来了巨大的变化，因为哲学家的思想在欧洲传播开来。启蒙运动是思想的发展，导致了对君主专制的批判和对共和理想的兴趣。像约翰·洛克，伏尔泰，让·雅克·卢梭这样的哲学家，他们是少数真正影响思想的人，比如自由，奴隶的自由，不再有君主制等等。约翰·洛克强调对现代有限自由政府理论的贡献;他认为，我们所有的想法最终都来自于经验，因此我们所能掌握的知识在范围和确定性上都受到了严重的限制。(个别哲学家约翰·洛克，2008)。此外，伏尔泰还从他们的理想中找到了灵感，即建立一个自由和自由的社会，以及宗教自由和自由贸易。(朱利安·约塞特，2008)亚当·斯密也不信仰奴隶制，想要自由的宗教和平等的权利。亚当•斯密(Adam Smith)把大部分时间都花在了启蒙时代的经济思想上，即自由放任主义和供应法则，它们构成了现代经济学的基本概念。(现代经济学)让-雅克·卢梭坚信人性本善，坚信建立在普遍自然法基础上的基本人权;他还认为，统治者和公民都有自然的人权，也都有相互间的义务，应该在社会契约中加以约束。(Julien Josset, 2008)基本上是说人们应该在政府中有发言权。尽管这些哲学家中有一些并非来自法国，但这恰恰支持了有多少哲学家的思想在传播，这些思想在哪里影响着革命。这就是为什么这真的帮助法国进入了革命。这些哲学家提出了许多不同但又相似的观点，影响了法国人民真正思考专制主义。启蒙思想的“发展”导致了对君主专制的批判，对共和理想的关注，对君主政体和天主教的批判，对民主政体的审视。
新西兰历史assignment代写:启蒙运动
So to start, the Enlightenment caused big changes in Europe, because of the philosopher’s ideas conveying throughout Europe. The Enlightenment was a development of thought, which led to increasing criticism of absolute monarchy and an interest in republican ideals. Philosophers like John Locke, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, where just of the few that really influenced ideas like liberty, freedom of slaves, no more monarchies and more. John Locke emphasized contributions to modern theories of limited, liberal government; “He argued that all of our ideas are ultimately derived from experience, and the knowledge of which we are capable is therefore severely limited in its scope and certainty.”( By Individual Philosopher >John Locke, 2008). Also, Voltaire found inspiration in their ideals of a free and liberal society, along with freedom of religion and free commerce. (Julien Josset, 2008) Adam Smith as well believed in no slavery, wanted free religion and equal rights. Adam Smith devoted most of his time towards the economic ideas of the Enlightenment Era, as the idea of laissez-faire and the law of supply which created the basic concepts of modern economics. (Modern Economics) Jean-Jacques Rousseau strongly believed in the goodness of man and in basic human rights founded upon universal natural law; he also believed that both rulers and the citizens have natural human rights as well as obligations to each other which should be bound in a social contract. (Julien Josset, 2008) Basically saying that people should have a say in government. Even though some of these philosophers didn’t originate from France, this just supports how many philosophers ideas were getting spread and where affecting revolutions. The reason why this really helped make France go into the Revolution. These philosophers posed many different, and also similar ideas, influencing France’s population to really think about absolutism. This “development” of Enlightenment thought led to increasing criticism of the absolute monarchy, an interest in republican ideals, critiqued the monarchy and the Catholic Church and examined democratic forms of government.

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